ChatGPT, Gemini & Copilot
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non-EU
The assistant that made everyone an AI company.
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Le Chat (Mistral AI)
Paris-built frontier models; open-weight options and EU hosting.
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Aleph Alpha
Heidelberg. Refocused in 2024 on sovereign and public-sector AI rather than competing with frontier chat models.
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LightOn
French enterprise generative AI, deployable on premises.
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Nebius AI Studio
Amsterdam-listed GPU cloud, formed from Yandex's non-Russian assets when the group was split and its Russian business divested in 2024.
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