WhatsApp

Message contents are end-to-end encrypted, but who you talk to, how often and from where feeds the same Meta advertising machine as Facebook and Instagram.

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  WhatsApp ↗

  Encrypted messages, unencrypted metadata, owned by Meta.

  🇺🇸 United States ·hors d'Europe

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  Olvid ↗

  French messenger with no server-side directory at all; certified by ANSSI.

  🇫🇷 France · EU member state

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  Element ↗

  Matrix messaging with encrypted DMs and no phone number required.

  🇬🇧 United Kingdom · United Kingdom

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  Wire ↗

  Berlin-based encrypted messenger, popular in the public sector.

  🇩🇪 Germany · EU member state

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  Delta Chat ↗

  Chat over ordinary email; works with any mailbox, no new account.

  🇩🇪 Germany · EU member state

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  Threema ↗

  Swiss paid messenger, no phone number needed (outside the default EU scope).

  🇨🇭 Switzerland · EFTA / EEA

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